Pillars of Education Essay

1. Figuring out how to Know â€Å"Learning to Know† is one of the four mainstays of training. Mainstay of training really implies â€Å"the one that bolsters education†. The first that bolsters instruction is â€Å"learning to know†, which is somewhat normal to address the inquiry â€Å"Why do we have to learn? †, so the most conceivable answer would be â€Å"to be capable for us to know things†. While this is valid, before comprehension from what we realize, we need to grow first the aptitudes that are expected to comprehend these things. So the primary column centers around the notable side of training which is the creating of scholarly aptitudes specifically. These aptitudes incorporate the fixation, memory and the capacity of an individual to think. Kids ought to have these aptitudes since it will be their beginning stage or their establishment to learn progressively complex issues that our reality is confronting today. Learning is a deep rooted process, so the more we learn things, the more we will comprehend our general surroundings. 2. Figuring out how to Do The second mainstay of instruction is the â€Å"learning to do†. This suggests we are not just figuring out how to know (to create scholarly aptitudes), yet we are likewise figuring out how to get things done out of the abilities that we have created. We don't seclude these abilities on ourselves yet we attempt to be increasingly viable and gainful by applying the se abilities to create individual fitness, characteristics, aptitudes and perspectives. Information and aptitudes will be placed into squander in the event that we don't use or apply it into genuine circumstances. The subsequent column centers around the adequacy and productiveness of an individual by creating and applying the aptitudes/information not exclusively to oversee one’s life yet in addition to be able to be agreeable to different individuals from the general public and furthermore, for the general public itself. This mainstay of training instructs us to adjust to the society’s requests. So the more abilities we have created, the more open doors are available/accessible for us to apply these aptitudes whether in work or throughout everyday life. 3. Figuring out how to Be This column bolsters instruction in building up the absolute advancement of a person. At the point when we state complete turn of events, it doesn't just incorporate the scholarly viewpoint yet in addition its physical, passionate, social, good and otherworldly which an individual is comprised of. It centers around the individual himself and his character; what are his mentalities, how can he act, his convictions, his inclinations, etc. So we don't just figure out how to know or create aptitudes nor use these ability/information yet we additionally figure out how to be a superior individual for our family as well as for the general public too. Youngsters ought to be shown the qualities and qualities that we need them to create like being capable, fair, aware and different characteristics that are viewed as acceptable to build up their character since realizing oneself initially is the way to know others. 4. Figuring out how to Live Together â€Å"Learning to live respectively is the last mainstay of instruction and is considered as the most basic one. It isn't just about information, the utilization of aptitudes or about the character yet it is the assistance of these three columns that we would have the option to live amicably. This column doesn't just allude to minor association and correspondence made by the individuals from the general public in light of the fact that regardless of whether we have this correspondence, there are as yet inescapable clashes that could happen. Information here alludes to have data about each other’s history and culture. We need to know and regard their convictions, conventions and qualities which thusly they will regard our own. Thusly, it can make a solid attach to see each other’s contrasts. â€Å"Learning to Live Together alludes on the most proficient method to forestall clashes in the general public. We are additionally instructed to live respectively with individuals who have diverse character, various convictions, and conventions and culture since we are not by any means the only individual in this world; we need to take an interest and coordinate to have tranquility and an equitable society.

Popular Culture. Visual Arts an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Mainstream society. Visual Arts by Expert Prof Leigh | 23 Dec 2016 Presentation The term mainstream society is plagued with different degrees of complexities. This essentially originates from that well known indicates an assortment of significance, translations and portrayals. Then again, it can't be denied that culture is additionally portrayed by a similar level of complexities. On the off chance that one needs to investigate, it tends to be seen that researchers and individuals from the academe would frequently go on a warmed discussion on the most proficient method to contextualize mainstream society as far as its effects and results. Accordingly, mainstream society, as a rule turns into an ambiguous, if not very irresolute idea. The combination of the two terms appear to make (turmoil) inside the scholarly field, yet in addition with the way in which it is expended and utilized by the general population. What is well known can't be depicted as something that is famous and the other way around. Periodically, the contentions happen when something that is broa dly recognized and devoured is addressed with respect to its social commitments and how it influences the inpidual's idea of the real world. Need exposition test on Mainstream society. Visual Arts subject? We will compose a custom exposition test explicitly for you Continue Mainstream society is showed in our regular day to day existences. It keeps on invading every single family unit. From films, music, closet and visual expressions, mainstream society is clear. Mainstream society resembles oxygen that reliably penetrates the four dividers of our particular network. On account of the apparently inescapable trait of mainstream society, pictures, writings and images that are made inside this space regularly conflicted to objects that are viewed as high workmanship. The results of mainstream society keeps on addressing and change the ordinances and standards that high craftsmanship has set up. Along these lines, it would not come as an astonishment if mainstream society are portrayed as indications of low workmanship. Combined with mass intrigue and excitement, this further subjects mainstream society into a disparaging position. The credibility and authenticity of mainstream society is much of the time reprimanded and addressed. This is most particularly with respect to the instance of visual expressions. The thought that mainstream society needs to submit to mass intrigue and large scale productions appear to delimits the capacity of an item to be considered as a legitimate masterpiece. In the Middle East, there is a steady battle to additionally improve and introduce greater imagination with regards to visual expressions. This is something that is somewhat expected since visual expressions, or any types of craftsmanship so far as that is concerned are articulation of ones culture and character. Comparable to this exposition, the focal topics of the conversation targets contextualizing how mainstream society has influenced visual expressions in the Middle East. It is likewise the objective of this article to handle gives that are identified with class and how they are found in the Middle East's well known workmanship. The way where these work of expressions are conveyed and devoured by people in general will be thought about. However, above all, the exposition wishes to clarify how western directions of both mainstream society and well known craftsmanship influences the visual workmanship domain of the Middle East. Mainstream society and Popular Art The second that well known pictures were utilized as focal subjects of workmanship, it has never neglected to (stun) or (astonish) the two cynics, pundits, craftsmanship fans and craftsmanship researchers (Popular Culture). For the last time, (normal) pictures currently have a spot in historical centers and exhibitions. It is a significant improbable wonder since never did anybody envision that Warhol's Campbell Soups would be complicatedly investigated as though somebody is attempting to translate the concealed messages and ideas of the Monalisa (Popular Culture). For sure, mainstream society has avoided based on what is now settled and attempted to become famous (Popular Culture). In spite of the fact that, there are occurrences wherein accepted perspectives on workmanship are still showed and communicated, these are fairly altered and changed, with the goal that the main thing that remaining parts is high craftsmanship's impact, yet another artful culmination is made. Mainstream society or well known craftsmanship so far as that is concerned contains a few particular highlights. These are predominantly portrayed by the way in which these masterpieces are created and conveyed to the crowd. Well known workmanship, is promptly focused for wide crowds (Popular Culture). As the term mainstream recommends, it must be broadly perceived and recognized by the specific open. Something which is inherently one of a kind and imaginatively characterized may not really fall under mainstream craftsmanship's classification except if it grabs the eye of the dominant part (Popular Culture). Observe, that the term greater part as opposed to everything is utilized. Well known craftsmanship is likewise transient (Popular Culture). By transient this implies it (briefly) gives answers for enduring requests and needs (Popular Culture). Since it is transient, it would not come as an astonishment if well known workmanship is likewise superfluous (Popular Culture). It is effortlessly supplanted by other rising types of workmanship and hence encounters trouble of achieving a type of everlasting status that are available in exemplary works (Popular Culture). So as to be well known, mainstream workmanship is mass created (Popular Culture). On the off chance that the general population would keep on having a voracious interest for such masterpiece and if the quantity of buyers consistently increments, well known craftsmanship ought to be promptly accessible for access and utilization (Popular Culture). As a rule, famous craftsmanship is conveyed to the adolescent (Popular Culture). This essentially clarifies why mainstream society and youth culture are associated to one another. The buying intensity of youthful crowds and its unquenchable hunger for well known workmanship stays unequaled (Popular Culture). In conclusion, well known craftsmanship ought to be promptly seasoned by sparkle and allure so as to support and keep up crowd affirmation (Popular Culture). Well known Art in the Middle East Benin and Stork contended that mainstream society in the Middle East reaches out past introducing celebrated symbols and big names, famous music and fables (253). As indicated by the two, mainstream society has incited both strict and political pioneers to make their own specialty and express their perspectives and feelings. This is most particularly obvious in times wherein the area is plagued with political changes and strength. Usually, strict affirmations become political and the other way around (Benin and Stork 253). Benin and Stork utilized the occurrence in Iran wherein visual pictures and works of art that conflict with war and colonialism multiplied. Works of art that show fight and promptly challenges the up and coming battles dispersed like falling leaves in the said area. It tends to be decently observed that for this situation mainstream workmanship is fundamentally used for promulgation purposes. This contention is additionally upheld by Jankowski and Gershoni, who attested that mainstream workmanship in the Middle East is fundamentally an advancement of ones character and culture which were promptly lost essentially on account of the appearance of western belief systems (xxv). The neocolonial observation that has been embraced by Middle East residents keep on hampering the later from finding and rediscovering their foundations and inceptions (Nguyen and Tu 222). The Politics of Popular Art Based from the above-given clarifications, mainstream craftsmanship inside the setting of mainstream society in the Middle East doesn't generally capitulate to the cliché perspective on being a result of low workmanship. Famous workmanship, in this perspective, turns into a portrayal and articulation of nationalistic goals and feelings. Mainstream workmanship at that point represents the requirement for a national recreation which is clearly showed in the midst of social bad form and other related situations. There is the expectation to share, to reconnect to each Middle East resident to be included. Despite the fact that, these works of art are utilized by certain strict gatherings and associations, their subjects and implications don't miss the mark for one to consider its authenticity and realness as an artistic expression. The strict thoughts and points perhaps combined with sentimentalism, however on the other hand, the political side of the issue is still evident. Something that is close to home is additionally political. In this manner, on the off chance that religion is viewed as exemplifications of individual feelings, at that point, the legislative issues that is implanted on it, which consequently is showed through well known workmanship are still truly obvious. Then again, actually during social emergencies, these feelings become more felt and showed. Then again, the nationalistic side of well known craftsmanship doesn't just prevent on attesting opportunity from plain colonialism and foul play. It can't be denied that such has been likewise utilized as a device to bring back the life and power of their own special culture and character. As a general rule, the western contemplations will in general slaughter ones thought of convention and identiy by continually offering western topics and thoughts. These viewpoints are fairly forced and strengthened using broad communications. While these situations are regularly showed in different sorts of media content, these are likewise introduced in well known craftsmanship. In this manner well known workmanship, in the Middle East setting presents new implications which neither mirrors the Middle East extent of truth and reality. End Well known workmanship in the Middle East is an impression of ones quest for truth, character and opportunity. Simultaneously, regardless of whether it is utilized for publicity purposes, this doesn't challenge its legitimacy as a work of art. Or maybe, what happens is that the issues of the network, which promptly matters to Middle East residents, are explained and communicated. Well known craftsmanship, should be mainstream, with the goal that the boundaries made by social classes and status, according to investigating famous workmanship are annulled. Well known craftsmanship makers expected to interface with dominant part of the crowd so as to leave their feelings alone known and simultaneously, advance a typical decent. Works Cited Benin, Joe and Joe Stork.Political Islam: Essays from

Books to Inspire the Writer in Your Life

Books to Inspire the Writer in Your Life Looking for the perfect gift to inspire the writer in your life? Check out our list of great books chosen by writers for writers.Writing Tools: 55 Essential Strategies for Every Writer?(1st edition) by?Roy Peter ClarkWriting Tools: 55 Essential Strategies for Every Writer is an excellent mix of reference and inspiration for writers of just about any genre. The author, Roy Peter Clark,?is a writing coach and senior scholar at the?Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a journalism think-tank, and is the founder of the National Writers Workshop. In this book, Clark offers tools to help writers strengthen their craft and their chances of getting published. The book also offers examples from literature and journalism to show these writing tools in action.On Writing: 10th Anniversary Edition: A Memoir of the Craft?Paperback?â€" Special Edition by?Stephen KingFew modern writers are as prolific and successful as Stephen King, which is why his half biography/half how-to-manual, On Writing: A M emoir of the Craft, is such a great read. In it, he talks about the basic tools of his trade, including how and why a writer should always have them on hand, so its highly informative. He also has a lot of inspirational advice for writers dealing with rejection and trying to set positive and productive work habits in their daily writing practice.Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life 1st Edition, Kindle Edition by Anne LamotBird by Bird offers a lot of personal anecdotes and inspirational words based on the experiences of Anne Lamot, an American novelist and non-fiction writer whose biting wit and self-depreciating humor will appeal to many writers. Beyond telling the story of her own writing inspiration and processes, she also discusses the challenges and multiple drafts that often go into getting published. A great example of her style and approach is the following quote taken from Bird by Bird:Writing and reading decrease our sense of isolation. They deepen and widen and expand our sense of life: they feed the soul. When writers make us shake our heads with the exactness of their prose and their truths, and even make us laugh about ourselves or life, our buoyancy is restored. We are given a shot at dancing with, or at least clapping along with, the absurdity of life, instead of being squashed by it over and over again. Its like singing on a boat during a terrible storm at sea. You cant stop the raging storm, but singing can change the hearts and spirits of the people who are together on that ship.Anne LamotWriting Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within?Paperback? by?Natalie GoldbergNatalie Goldberg is an American author and speaker who is best known for her books that explore the process of writing as Zen practice. Writing Down the Bones: Freeing the Writer Within is part of that exploration. Her approach is sometimes comical, sometimes practical, and always insightful as she offers encouragement and advice to writers looking to perfect thei r craft. Heres a great example:We are important and our lives are important, magnificent really, and their details are worthy to be recorded. This is how writers must think, this is how we must sit down with pen in hand. We were here; we are human beings; this is how we lived. Let it be known, the earth passed before us. Our details are important. Otherwise, if they are not, we can drop a bomb and it doesnt matter… Recording the details of our lives is a stance against bombs with their mass ability to kill, against too much speed and efficiency. A writer must say yes to life, to all of life: the water glasses, the Kemps half-and-half, the ketchup on the counter.Natalie GoldbergWriters Market 2018: The Most Trusted Guide to Getting Published?(97th Edition)The Writers Market is an indispensable resource for writers looking for publishing opportunitiesâ€"from book publishing to writing contests to everything in between. It contains an extensive list of the contact information of book publishers, magazines, awards and contests, and literary agents, along with a brief description of each. Indexed by subject, each listing also includes valuable information such as submission guidelines and whether the publication prefers solicited or unsolicited entries. This new edition goes even further and includes information about the business of writingâ€"from marketing and developing your author brand, to writing better query letters to increase your chances of acceptance. It also includes exclusive access to the webinar Funding Your Writing Career from C. Hope Clark, founder of FundsForWriters.com.Wired for Story: The Writers Guide to Using Brain Science to Hook Readers from the Very First Sentence by?Lisa CronTaking a different approach than the many self-help books on the market available for writers, in Wired for Story, author Lisa Cron focuses on how writers tap into the evolutionary purpose of storytelling, and how the human brain is wired for hearing tales. Approachi ng this topic in great depth, including recent breakthroughs in neuroscience, Cron reveals a process to storytelling that is as old as the art itself, and how authors can tap into that for modern audiences. Any writer will have to agree that it is an interesting angle to the art of writing, especially when Cron discusses what triggers dopamine rushes, how we are hardwired to need to know whats next, and how the human brain experiences a story.Rogets Thesaurus of Words for Writers: Over 2,300 Emotive, Evocative, Descriptive Synonyms, Antonyms, and Related Terms Every Writer Should Know?by?David Olsen??et al.Rogets Thesaurus has been a trusted name as a writing resource since 1852. However, Rogets Thesaurus of Words for Writers goes a step beyond the well-loved thesaurus. Part thesaurus, part phrase book, this resource is the perfect way for writers to find the right word when its on the tip of their tongue (or fingers, as the case may be). Each word or phrase listing includes a pronu nciation guide, definition, antonyms, synonyms, and a sample sentence using it in context. When inspiration is lacking or a writer feels stuck in a pattern, its a great way to find new words that sound fresh and unique to add impressive variety to any portfolio.Romance Writers Phrase Book: The Essential Source Book for Every Romantic Novelist by?Jean Kent and Candace SheltonDanielle Steel, Nicholas Sparks, Nora Robertsâ€"the top-selling contemporary romance writers know how to make their audience fall in love over and over again with characters that come to life within the pages of their novels. And they do it with modern plots and words that go beyond the stereotypical passionate language of romance novels in the past. With phrases tagged for categories like physical description, facial expressions, voices, sex, body movements, eyes, and emotions, The Romantic Writers Phrase Book?is an indispensable resource for writers seeking to write the next bestselling romance novel.Action Wri ters Phrase Book: Essential Reference for All Authors of Action, Adventure Thrillers (Writers Phrase Books) (Volume 3) by?Jackson Dean ChaseIf your goal is to write a great action novel, Jackson Dead Chases Action Writers Phrase Book will shoot writers block out of the water with over 2,000 listings for describing weapons, wounds, explosions, and more. Whether your weapons and battles are historical, contemporary, or futuristic, this resource will help you make sure your descriptions are accurate and believable. Chase has also written the Post-Apocalypse Writers Phrase Book and Horror Writers Phrase Book for writers interested in publishing within those genresThe Emotion Thesaurus: A Writers Guide to Character Expression by Angela AckermanWhile there are hundreds of phrasebooks and writers thesauri on the market, The Emotion Thesaurus by Angela Ackerman really breaks down characterization and emotion for authors wishing to build both into their story. Ackerman is a writing coach, i nternational speaker, and co-author of six bestselling books for writers. Her books are available in six languages, are sourced by US universities, and are used by novelists, screenwriters, editors, and psychologists around the world.?Ackerman is also co-founder of Writers Helping Writers as well as One Stop for Writers, an innovative online library built to help writers elevate their storytelling.

The Conservative Movement Essay - 1540 Words

The conservative movement has played a crucial role in American politics in the post war era. Ronald Story and Bruce Laurie indentify various elements of the American conservatism. These elements include challenging authoritarian governments and modernist culture, upholding tradition, Christian religion and the rule of law, defending western civilization, and supporting republicanism. American conservatism has been characterized by competing ideologies and tension throughout history. The Americans who are politically liberal and economically conservative favor free trade, minimal state intervention, low taxes, and a small government. On the other hand, conservatives hold the view that American traditional values are normally undermined by†¦show more content†¦Some historians and political scientists have maintained that the post-war conservatism merged three significant yet contradictory elements, which at first existed independently. These elements include anticommunism, tr aditionalism, and libertarianism. President Eisenhower who succeeded Truman won the election by promising to rectify Truman’s failures, which included communism, Korea and corruption. And when Eisenhower came to power, he promptly ended the war in Korea. The war in Korea was largely opposed by conservatives. Eisenhower’s administration advocated for modern republicanism that favored minimal government expenditure, a small government, and balanced budget. President Eisenhower continued to adhere to the welfare policies as stipulated in the Roosevelt’s new deal. Eisenhower also made endeavors to eliminate conflict among racial and economic groups, and promoted prosperity, peace, and social harmony (Story and Laurie 4). Conservatism in the 1950s was also promoted by writers. One of the writers who strongly opposed liberalism was Russell Kirk. Russell’s conservatism was influenced by the fact that he viewed both traditional and modern liberalism as acts that are of great significance as regards economic matters. According to him, liberalism did not take care of spiritual aspects of man. Hence,Show MoreRelatedThe American Revolution as a conservative movement.807 Words   |  5 Pageskind of movement is that it depends on whose side you were on and what year you are talking about. Those things determine what the definition of conservative and radical is at the time. The Articles of Confederation were very conservative because, at this time, anything that proposed anything other than a weak central goverenment was considered radical, such as the constitution which we presently live under. 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Social Class And Its Impact On Society - 1894 Words

Reda Kobeissi November 11, 2015 Professor Composition II Social class identity is the expression used when referring to what the variations social classes hold, such as different cultures, norms, and values. There is much debate on the subject of social class in the United States. There are disputes about whether social classes are clearly separate or fluid, conditioned upon one’s community or society as a whole, and if people are subjective or objective (Hughes and Jenkins). The government uses the objective view, based on the economic status of the person, to be able to distinguish them into a specific social class. Though, despite the debate circling social classes, it is still essential to try to define them and interpret their†¦show more content†¦Education has become crucial in the placement of one into social class, or the ability to move upward in class, even though the education one receives is largely based on the social class one is in to begin with (APA). Family structure is also affected by social class. With t he increase in dual-earner couples, defining social class among husbands and wives is more difficult than ever (Scott and Leonhardt). Parental values also differ among the classes, as parents often bring their occupational values and attitudes home with them (Hughes and Jenkins). In a society that puts such a stress on individualism and self-identification, social class and its effects are as powerful as ever. Despite the debates about social class, the United States is usually described as having four major social classes, the elite or upper class, the middle class, the working class, and the lower class (Goldschmidt). Classes are differentiated by income, education, and occupation although other factors do have an effect. The upper class consists of about 1% of the population making 750,000 dollars or more a year as investors, top executives, or heirs to large fortunes (Hughes and Jenkins). There tends to be no question about who is in the upper class as they are pretty clearly isolated in their power and wealth. The middle class makes up about 40% of the population making

How Can We Control Corruption Free Essays

CAN WE EVER REMOVE CORRUPTION? Corruption: This word corruption is something disreputable which we always come across in our day to day life whether it reveals in politics or is seen in our regular jobs. Corruption exists in almost all the countries of the world. The rich and  powerful people  are the real beneficiaries of corruption and they are never part of movement to eradicate the corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on How Can We Control Corruption? or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of them need to be made center of attraction before the society and media for their act of corruption. The question is that, we always  come across  this word, but is there any way out we can  get rid of  these termites which are eating up a country’s future and making it unhealthy ?. We need to be helpful to the weaker section of the society who are the real victims of corruption. Do we really think that only going against the politicians and  passing bills  by the parliamentary committee of a democratic country or electing a correct ruler/ leader would lead its country and remove corruption from its root permanently?. As per my view, only electing a good leader/ruler would not remove corruption as a whole from its root because they can show us the  right path  and in a big country which have its own huge and special problems, we cannot expect from the leaders heading the Govt. to reach every individual and keep a watch on the measures taken to remove the termite called‘ Corruption’ from its Country, City, State or the World. But it is agreed by all that politicians and greedy business tycoons are the backbone of corruption world over. A country and its responsibilities do not only fall on the shoulders of the political leaders of that country because the country not only belongs to them but it is also a responsibility of all of us. We should not only blame one person or a body of people but  should understand  that if the corruption has become a part of higher level and a country is getting effected – its present future, everything is in danger, then they are not solely responsible for all these things. If we want to remove the corruption from its root, we will have to  work hard  together towards this and first of all remove corruption from its root which is lying in our day to day life and within us. It is not possible for a single person to remove corruption Removing corruption has become so difficult because we all have adopted this as a habit in our daily life. For  some reasons  or the other, we adopt this method to achieve our desires, dream and also to get id of problems in a shortcut way. I can just make my friends count  few examples  at a go : – O When caught in a traffic jam and and we are asked to show our driving license, we prefer most of the time to bribe the traffic officer or  get rid of  spending more time in arguing or settling up with him. O When we  require to get some work done  from a person and we know that there is a difficulty in it, we prefer bribing such person(s)to get our  work done  very easily. O We even in the name of donation do not stop bribing schools and some of them also entertain this practice in the name of donation when its time for admissions of our children. In a short, we bribe or follow corruption every where in our day to day life, so how can we say that the leaders or the  political bodies  are only responsible for corruption in a country ? Giving chance to  eligible people  at  work place  and only following people whom we like is also a part of corruption. Wherever we go, every second of our life we practice corruption, so going against only a particular group of people, doing hunger strikes won’t help us until we become real enemies of corruption and each and every one of us starts thinking that we are the leaders of the country and our aim is to set an examples for  every other person. Being a part of corruption or not raising voice against it, is equal in every sense. As it is always said that â€Å" Charity begins at home†, we should always  understandthat the fight against corruption can only be fought with vigor and vitality to kill it from its root which is possible only when we all start a revolution and stop evensupporting  this kind of practice and activities at a very lower to higher level. Rules and Regulations – disciplines and laws should be equal for all,  supporting terror  in any ways,selfish thinking should be stopped and voice against wrong issues are the few initial steps which can be taken up by any of us, every individual,  peopleand all of our country men towards a  healthy future. At the end, the way to eradicate corruption is possible only when the society andyoung youths  of today promise to themselves to contain it and bring a clean environment for the growth of country and its people. If we all are united and theyoung generation  is determined to prioritize the eradication of corruption from the country, it will benefit a  common man  and would lead the country to a new height as well. How to cite How Can We Control Corruption?, Essay examples

Love In Rosetti free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Goblin Market Essay, Research Paper Incestuous Lesbian Love in Rosetti # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Goblin Market # 8221 ; Christina Rosetti # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Goblin Market # 8221 ; intimations incestuous sapphic love as an option to a heterogenous relationship. # 8220 ; Goblin Market # 8221 ; is about a adult female # 8217 ; s [ Laura ] effort to make a perfect, true love relationship with a adult male which ends with her hope and love dashed to the land. With her bosom broken and her dreams shattered, Laura turns to her sister, Lizzie, for the comfort and security she one time looked for in a adult male. This in bend signifiers an incestuous bond between the two sisters. In the verse form, Rosetti uses many vivid images to literate an incestuous sapphic love matter between two sisters. At the beginning of the verse form we learn of two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, who have a close relationship: # 8220 ; Crouching close together/ In the chilling conditions, / With clasping weaponries and admonishing lips, / With prickling cheeks and finger tips. We will write a custom essay sample on Love In Rosetti or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page / # 8216 ; Lie near, # 8217 ; Laura said, # 8221 ; Here the two sisters are concealing together, in secret staring on the hob work forces. In the verse form the # 8216 ; goblin work forces # 8217 ; stand for the human figure of adult male. We shortly find that Lizzie is really discerning of the hob work forces and she warns her sister of impending danger: # 8221 ; # 8216 ; We must non look at goblin work forces, / We must non purchase their fruits ; / Who knows upon what dirt they fed/ Their hungry thirsty roots? # 8217 ; # 8221 ; This is Lizzie # 8217 ; s first warning, two more times does she warn her sister of the hob work forces. Laura refuses to listen to Lizzie. Vernon Laura, unlike her sister, is interested in the hob work forces. She thinks the hobs are full of love and they have much to offer: # 8220 ; Cooing all together: / They sounded sort and full of loves/ In the pleasant weather. # 8221 ; Lizzie is afraid of the hob work forces. So afraid that one time the hob work forces get excessively close Lizzie becomes frightened and runs off into the wood go forthing Laura behind: # 8220 ; Curious Laura chose to linger/ Wondering at each merchandiser man. # 8221 ; As we can see, Laura is fascinated by the hob work forces. Alternatively of running off into the forests like Lizzie, Laura waits for the work forces to near her. Once the hob work forces see Laura they want her to purchase some of their # 8216 ; love-filled # 8217 ; fruit. Laura doesn # 8217 ; Ts have any money so, disregarding her sister # 8217 ; s warnings, she offers a portion of her organic structure, her hair, as an equal trade to buy goods from the hob work forces. The hob w ork forces handily accept her hair as a swap. With the bought goods of fruit in her custodies now, Laura becomes mesmerized by the succulent, sweet gustatory sensation of its sexual nectar: # 8220 ; Then sucked their fruit globes just or ruddy: / Sweeter than honey from the rock./ Stronger than man-rejoicing vino, / Clearer than H2O flowed that juice ; / She neer tasted such before. # 8221 ; Here we see that Laura instantly becomes enamored with the fruit offered to her. She becomes addicted: # 8220 ; She sucked and sucked and sucked the more/ Fruits which that unknown grove dullard ; / She sucked until her lips were sore ; # 8221 ; In this line Laura saps all the lush juices from the fruit. She has neer tasted love so sweet. Equally shortly as she drinks all the juice from the fruit in her ownership she instantly wants more, but she merely finds herself to be without any longer fruit. Laura is sad and entirely. The hob work forces have queerly disappeared. Vernon Laura returns place by herself, in demand of the sweet love juices from the succulent fruit to which she has now grown addicted. Uracil pon returning place Laura is met at the forepart gate by Lizzie. It is now to the point in the verse form where we see Laura puting herself up for devastation. She has become addicted to the hob fruit, so much that she will travel in hunt of it once more when the morrow comes. Not merely is Laura addicted to the fruit, but she has besides given a portion of her organic structure to the hob work forces. We could state that she portions a heterogenous love relationship with the hob work forces. Laura has left herself to the clemency of adult male. It is when Laura returns the following eventide to seek for the hob work forces that she discovers that they are no where to be heard or found. Merely Lizzie can hear the goblin’s call: â€Å"Laura turned cold as stone/ To happen her sister hear that call alone.† Laura now realizes that she will neer be able to savor the succulent fruit of the hob work forces once more. This in bend offers no nutrient to feed her dependence whic h leaves Laura broken hearted: â€Å"And gnashed her dentitions for baulked desire, and wept/ As if her bosom would break.† Laura is devastated. She becomes idle and down. Her life is now filled with ceaseless yearning and desperation. â€Å"Her hair grew thin and grey ; / She dwindled, as the just full Moon doth turn/ To swift decay and burn/ Her fire away.† Laura can happen no comfort for her dependence and therefore becomes sickly, pale and lame. Lizzie shortly notices her sister # 8217 ; s depression and realizes that in order to # 8216 ; live # 8217 ; once more Laura must hold more of the sweet-tasting fruit of the hob work forces. Lizzie is sympathetic towards her sister and can non bear to see her injury. Laura is all of a sudden left in a place to where she has to look to her sister for love and comfort from the hurting. This in bend sends Lizzie in hunt of the hob work forces to purchase their fruit so she can feed her sister and heal Laura # 8217 ; s ill, love afflicted organic structure. Merely the gustatory sensation of the fruit will mend her broken bosom. Upon happening the fruit, Lizzie is violently confronted by the hob work forces. Lizzie refuses to partake of their fruit. Alternatively of eat the fruit she wants to take it place to Laura. The hob work forces become angry and they will non allow Lizzie go forth until she eats the fruit. The hob work forces assault Lizzie and seek to do her eat their fruit. I n the terminal the hob work forces smash their fruit all over Lizzie # 8217 ; s face and organic structure. Once Lizzie escapes the hob work forces # 8217 ; s clasps, she runs place to Laura # 8217 ; s bedside. Now the verse form takes a drastic swing and we can see hints of sapphic overtones: # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Did you lose me? # 8217 ; / Come and snog me./ Never head my contusions, / Hug me, snog me, suck my juices. # 8221 ; Lizzie is evidently utilizing the fruit as a tool to pull Laura to hold a incestuous interlude. The fruit here is being used as a sex tool. First the hobs used it, now Lizzie. Of class Laura can # 8217 ; t defy her dependence, so she volitionally accepts her sister # 8217 ; s supplication for love affair: # 8220 ; She clung about her sister, / Kissed and kissed and kissed her: / # 8230 ; She kissed and kissed her with a hungry mouth. # 8221 ; Laura has chosen an incestuous sapphic love as an option to the love she one time received from the hob work forces. Christina Rosetti # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Goblin Market # 8221 ; portrays how evil sexual desires can be. The author of this verse form finds herself torn between a sexual love of adult male and a incestuous sexual love for her sister. In the terminal, Laura will make anything to savor the fruit, even have incestuous dealingss with her sister. The verse form therefore defends its base on sapphism by saying, # 8220 ; There is no friend like a sister. # 8221 ;

French Revolution, Origins of essays

French Revolution, Origins of essays The Origins of the French Revolution The origins of the French Revolution have been debated by historians for years, and poverty being the main issue of dispute. While there are numerous causes of the French Revolution, some argue that the poverty that the peasants experienced was the overwhelming cause, but others feel that it was a culmination of an unstable monarchy, influential philosophes, and poverty. Historians such as Alphonse Aulard contend that the Revolution came about due to the writings of various philosophes such as Montesqieu and Rousseau, and that poverty was merely a contributing cause. Jeffery Kaplow offers a more accurate and convincing account of the origins of the French Revolution saying that poverty was the primary cause. While the writings of philosophes, such as Montesqieu and Rousseau, undoubtedly had a significant influence on the Revolution, it was the inability of Louis XVIs monarchy to deal with Frances financial situation that led to the inevitable outbreak of Revolution. The article by Jeffrey Kaplow, Conditions of Life on the Eve of the Revolution, starts off by giving contradicting statistics of the percent of Frances population that belonged to the labouring poor. The first being as high as 90 per cent, while the other claiming 100,000 out of 500,00, but Kaplow concludes that it was actually 50 per cent. Kaplow effectively proves that the conditions that the peasants lived under were grounds for revolution. He mentions early in the article that it was not merely lack of bread that made the working class revolutionary, but it was a result of various factors that made living nearly unbearable for the poor. The infant mortality rate for peasants was not high and it was likely that any births would result in death within a year, and the possibility of improving their lifestyles financially and socially was non-existent. The peasants had to pay higher taxes then the up...

Tips for Effective Teacher to Teacher Communication

Tips for Effective Teacher to Teacher Communication Effective teacher to teacher communication is vitally essential to your success as a teacher. Regular collaboration and team planning sessions are extremely valuable. Engaging in these practices has a positive impact on teacher effectiveness. Education is a highly difficult concept for those outside the field to understand. Having peers that you can collaborate with and lean on during tough times is essential. If you find yourself in isolation and/or always having a conflict with your peers, then there is a reasonable chance that you may need to make some changes yourself. What to Avoid When Talking to Fellow Faculty Here are seven things to avoid when trying to build positive relationships with faculty and staff members at school. Do not talk about or discuss your co-workers with your students.  It undermines the authority of that teacher and additionally taints your credibility.Do not engage in conversation or discuss your co-workers with a parent. Doing so is unprofessional at best and will create significant problems.Do not talk about or discuss your co-worker with other co-workers. It creates an atmosphere of divisiveness, mistrust, and animosity.Do not isolate yourself on a regular basis.  It is not a healthy practice.  It serves as a hindrance to your overall growth as a teacher.Avoid being confrontational or combative.  Be professional.  You may disagree with someone engaging them inappropriately is juvenile at best which undermines your role as a teacher.Avoid starting, spreading, or discussing gossip and hearsay about parents, students, and/or co-workers. Gossip has no place in a school and will create long-term problems.Avoid being critical of your co-workers.  Build them up, encourage th em, offer constructive criticism, but never criticize how they do things. It will do more harm than good. How to Build Positive Relationships With Staff Members Here are eleven things to keep in mind when trying to build positive relationships with faculty and staff members at school. Encourage and show kindness and humility. Never let an opportunity to show kindness or encouragement to others to pass. Praise exemplary work, regardless of the person that did it. Sometimes you can turn even the most hardened of your fellow workers into real softies once they realize that you are not afraid to compliment them or give encouraging words, despite how they may perceive you ordinarily. At the same time, when giving criticism, do it helpfully and gently, never spitefully. Show concern for anothers feelings and well being. You will benefit immensely from even the smallest kindness shown.Be happy. Every day you go to work, you need to make a choice to be happy. Making a choice to be happy on a day to day basis will make people around you more comfortable on a day to day basis. Don’t dwell on negatives and maintain a positive attitude.Refuse to engage in gossip or hearsay. Dont allow gossip to rule your life. In the workplace, morale is vitally essential. Gossip will tear apart a staff faster than anything else. Do not engage in it and nip it in the bud when it is presented to you. Let the water roll off your back. Don’t let negative things said about you get under your skin. Know who you are and believe in yourself. Most people that talk negatively about other people do so out of ignorance. Let your actions determine how others see you, and they will not believe the negative things said.Collaborate with your peers – Collaboration is vitally essential among teachers. Don’t be afraid to offer constructive criticism and advice with a take it or leave it approach. Also of equal importance, don’t be afraid to ask questions or to ask for help in your classroom. Too many teachers think this is a weakness when it is truly a strength. Finally, master teachers share ideas with others. This profession is truly about what is best for the students. If you have a brilliant idea that you believe in, then share it with those around you.Watch what you say to people. How you say something counts for just as much as what you say. Tone does matter. Whe n confronted with a difficult situation, always say less than you think. Holding your tongue in a difficult situation will make it easier for you in the long run because it will create confidence among others in your ability to handle a similar situation. If you make a promise, you better be prepared to keep it. If you intend to make promises, you had better be prepared to keep them, no matter what the cost. You will lose the respect of your peers quicker than it took you to gain it by breaking promises. When you tell someone that you intend to do something, it is your responsibility to see to it that you follow through.Learn about others’ outside interests. Find a common interest that you have with others (e.g. grandchildren, sports, movies, etc.) and spark a conversation. Having a caring attitude will build trust and confidence in others. When others are joyful, rejoice with them; when troubled or in mourning, be sympathetic. Make sure each person around you knows that you value them and know that they are important.Be open-minded. Do not get into arguments. Discuss things with people rather than argue. Being combative or disagreeable is likely to put others off. If you don’t agree with something, think your response t hrough and don’t be argumentative or judgmental in what you say. Understand that some peoples’ feelings are hurt easier than others. Humor can bring people together, but it can also tear people apart. Before you tease or joke with a person, make sure you know how they are going to take it. Everyone is different in this aspect. Take into account another persons feelings before you poke fun.Don’t worry about accolades. Do your best. Its the best you can do. Let others see your work ethic, and you will be able to take pride and pleasure in a job well done.

Are mobile phones fashionable Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Are mobile phones fashionable - Case Study Example A strategic plan entails all aspects of the business. Of paramount importance to any business is the market. This comes before the actual business is initiated. The plan will illustrate the kind of market to venture in. In the case of Nokia Telecommunication Company, the details of the market of target could include: office managers, the business world, students who really on research and could benefit from the internet. Nokia could also target the general public who needs very cheap and affordable phones due to their low economic status. Another market is the very rich citizens of the society. These are people who always go with class. A class in this respect is measured in terms of wealth. One is of a higher class if they have very expensive gargets. Nokia phone whose value range is 800 is the best for such a group (National statistics, 2007). The strategic plan should also give a summary of activities that take place in the market. This explicitly gives the account of the market size and scope. Nokia targets the global market as a whole. However the greatest of this is in the major markets like USA. The United Kingdom is one of the world's most globalised countries, ranking fourth in one recent survey. The capital, London is one of the three major financial centres of the world, along with New York City and Tokyo. Such a market is large and very dynamic. New inventions arrive and go at a very high frequency. Nokia is therefore put to task of introducing new inventions at the market rate. As the fashion industry expands in creativity, Nokia is also forced to maintain the pas of assimilation. This is so because the buyers taste is influenced greatly by what is current in the market. A strategic plan of a business also will contain information about the competitors that a company will meet in the market. It is a must to have competition in any sphere of life. The truth however is that no one gets pleased about this, especially when a rival has an advantage over them. A Strategic plan gives details on how to be on top of the other players. Normal competitive pressures are not able to drive down a firm's earnings to the point where they cover all costs and just provide minimum sufficient additional return to keep capital invested. Most forms of competitive advantage cannot be sustained for any length of time because the promise of economic rents drives competitors to duplicate the competitive advantage held by any one firm. Firms get to improve their products, and lower the cost of purchase of their products. Sustainable competitive advantage simply an advantage that one firm has relative to competing firms. The source of the advantage can be something the company does that is distinctive and difficult to replicate. This is known as core competency in business terms. Nokia has advanced in leading the market through Cost Leadership, Differentiation Focus and Cost Focus. A company must have the right resources like finance, assets, and technical competence to thrive well in the competitive environment (Scholes, 2008). The environment may also affect the competition levels in the industry. The ways in which the environment does this are obvious. These include the number of companies in the market, the prices used by the competitor and the strengths of the host company. Strategies exist widely at several levels in any organisation -

Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Toyota - Essay Example Thailand is chosen as the global manufacturing base and other manufacturing bases in Asian countries will supply engines and other components. The vehicles developed in global manufacturing base of Thailand have a potential for export in 80 nations and regions. This will also make input costs much lower than in developed countries and increase the profit margin in case of an economic slowdown. In case of Chinese markets, manufacturing and marketing needs to be strengthened for viable growth. Full product lineup in different segments like compact, luxury SUV and luxury sedan vehicles has to be established. The manufacturing capacity needs to be revamped in this emerging market which will in turn increase the brand value of Toyota. Introduction of lexus and reorganization of sales channel is necessary to sustain growth in Japanese market. Further preparations are necessary to accomodate future changes in market structure and customer values. The merger and acquisition scenario also brings two of the major players Ford and Toyota together. Toyota management can negotiate a deal as Ford, the third largest manufacturer of cars, is mired in one of the worst financial crises in its history and Toyota is in its strongest position since it was founded 70 years ago. Development of a wide range of technologies and products with focus on market creation is the ultimate strategy for expansion. Leading edge technologies like nanotechnology, material technology and biotechnology will be the driving force for the next generation cutting edge technology for developing green and clean environment friendly, safe and user friendly interface for vehicles. The ecology and the emotion of customers will be taken care of in this strategic development. The laws, regulations and government policies regarding environmental protection, vehicle emissions, vehicle fuel economy , vehicle safety, outcome of

Analysis of Public Health Budgetary Construction

Analysis of Public Health Budgetary Construction Andrea Andersen, Brett Weed, Ashini Fernando, Carolyn Moore,  Laura Schultz and David Garcia Introduction The public health system is comprised of complex layers of federal, state and local powers that come together to address the needs of many. The programs, organizations and clinics that serve these needs require support at all levels and are often subject to inadequate and unpredictable funding, varied infrastructure and shifting priorities. These factors require a combination of greater cohesiveness across all levels and a higher creativity in allocation of funding. We propose a Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) plan that will support evidence-based population health solutions by allocating resources to specific needs and better reaching those in every sect of the population. Nature of Public Health Funding Federal funding to state and local public health departments takes a number of different forms. As pointed out in Ogden et al, the average state public health agency receives 49% of its funding for federal grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. This is much higher than the 25% of total expenditures supported by federal grants, making public health uniquely subject to federal sway (Ogden, 2012). The two major federal funding streams can be classified as those which are statutorily mandated, and those, which are derived from discretionary funds (Ogden, Sellers, Sammartino, Buehler Bernet, 2007; Ogden, 2012).Mandatory funding supports health service delivery programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid and represent 88% of the budget of the US Department of Health and Human Services (Ogden et al, 2007). This route serves to ensure that medical care is available across the country, and to some extent independent of the fiscal health of the state or local authority and their ability to fund care. Discretionary funding on the other hand, is awarded by the choosing of the federal agency (within the confines of congressional budget authorizations) and can either be formula-driven or competitive. Among the mechanisms for disbursing discretionary funds are cooperative agreements, grants, contracts, and partnership agreements. Some federal funds are awarded to states and localities for the express purpose of further distribution to smaller subunits of governments or charitable or private contractors (US Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], n.d.). These awards can further the program or policy objectives of the issuing agency by promoting adjustments in state and local programs to match funding opportunities (Ogden, 2012). Inefficiencies and Risks in Current Funding Models The current system of funding public health care in the United States is unsustainable because of major systemic fiscal problems. These issues include but are not limited to lack of accounting uniformity and transparency, along with a disproportionate appropriation of funds for medical interventions versus social determinants of health. AsTeutsch et al. points out, medical interventions shape only 10-20% of health outcomes but account for 97% of health spending (Teutsch et al., 2012).). A study of health spending in Florida for the years 2005-2006 as dedicated to each essential public health service found that 69% of the aggregate budget was allocated to access and delivery of health care (Turnock 2012). Although this percentage may vary some across states, it is not uncommon for immediate services like number of health care facilities in a certain area, or treatment given to be primary concerns. Inadequacy of Taxation as a Fiscal Solution It may appear that there is an obvious case for a tax to appropriate more funds to social determinants.Taxation strategies can range from charges on consumer products to health care related fees and can have negative consequences ranging from economic unrest to increased insurance costs. The medical device excise tax for example, originally passed as a part of the Affordable Care Act was intended to generate funds to help offset the cost of providing health insurance subsidies (Lee, 2014). Over its first two quarters in effect, however, it has brought in less than anticipated and is also squarely in the crosshairs of the upcoming Congress to repeal (Schouten, 2014). These changes emphasize the gaps in current strategies and the need for increased change.   Unpredictability in Current Funding Structures The variability that exists in funding services as well as actual care given from place to place throughout the country leads to a greater need for balanced administration and infrastructure. In a 2011 report the federal funding spent on both prevention and general health improvement in communities ranged from $14.20 per capita in Ohio to $51.98 in Alaska and state funding exhibited an even greater gap with $3.45 allocated to each Nevadan and almost $155.00 to each Hawaiian (The Fund for America’s Health [TFAH], 2012). Rural and urban areas also differ in their needs and in a recent report highlighting this coming years health allocations, cuts are being made to the workforce pipeline in these and other disadvantaged areas (Parker, 2014). There needs to be greater transparency in how money is used within departments, especially when states are running on extremely tight budgets. Reduced funding can cause the transfer of prevention funds to other areas, such as administration, that is not as population-based and can, in turn, lead to poorer health outcomes in the long run. Federal Role in State and Local Health Funding The federal government supplies states with much needed stimulus that adds to the general health services provided and the overall workforce that delivers them. This greater influx of money also gives communities the flexibility to target special problems and needs and develop programs that are specific to individual population features. In addition it guarantees that there is a minimum level of care provided in any given area and a certain level of continuity among the services available. Federal backing also increases the propensity for collaboration among different sects both at the national and local level (Ogden, 2012). Overall, most states don’t have the financial means to implement public health initiatives independently and knowing that greater funds can bring both greater health outcomes and economic stability to their populations is always a positive force. Consequences of Inadequate or Inefficient Funding The risks of insufficient funding and misallocated resources are many and have the greatest influence on individuals that rely solely on public assistance for their health care. Cuts in services greatly reduce the scope and quality of care that individuals receive and when funds are misallocated, confidence is highly reduced in the quality of care. Further, the productivity of programs can greatly suffer from lacking funds and the number of individuals that can be served is also greatly reduced. Reduction of services in general can lead to sicker and less productive people and communities, and this also increases the overall bottom line in health care spending. The greatest concern within this system is a lack of guaranteed support and with varying amounts from year to year a higher burden is a significant risk in rural areas where both infrastructure and community resources are already scarce (Ogden et al., 2007). Generally, these areas do get higher funding per capita, but state health departments still find it difficult to balance both the priorities of small, often sicker populations with the communities and resources needed statewide. This is especially true when more money does not necessarily translate to better outcomes. In addition, it is problematic for local health departments to both plan for the future and provide the new programs necessary to combat the most prominent chronic conditions Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2013). The dedication to treatment and prevention must always be balanced with the assessment, policy development and assurance, which are also costly and a requirement of further funding (IOM, 2013). The various le vels of government also make it difficult to have both cohesive goals and policies that will reach those they are intended to, and as Ogden mentions, this type of American federalism makes for constantly shifting priorities by the powers that be (Ogden, 2012). Therefore, both the effectiveness and efficiency of such efforts can suffer and leave last year’s needs unresolved if something more pressing comes up. This can sometimes lead to â€Å"piecemeal healthcare† and an understating of preventive services. But, while funding is a large issue, there are several other key changes that must be made to the public health system in order for it to function properly and best serve the individuals that utilize it. Conceptualizing a New Funding Strategy To address the systemic risks of the current construction of public health funding streams, we propose a redesign that emphasizes transparency and strategic planning. As discussed above, a variety of factors from changing political landscapes to disparate funding formulas create disparities in public health funding among state and local peers. Allocating funding based on empirically proven health needs rather than arbitrary policy preferences will allow agencies to direct funding to the most significant challenges to the community’s health. Similar to the planning necessary prior to the development of a new initiative, a comprehensive needs assessment of the population should be performed (Brownson, Baker, Leet, Gillespie, True, 2003). We propose realigning federal funding of states and state funding of local units to the priorities identified in a CHIP. A CHIP will identify the most critical priorities for a community, which would presumably also be the priorities for funding support (National Association of City and County Health Officials [NACCHO], 2014). Further, as CHIPs require stakeholder cooperation and input (Minnesota Department of Health [MDH], n.d.), they naturally promote transparency and public participation in budget allocation. Lastly, this model permits flexibility to address each community’s unique needs, rather than fixed priorities dictated by others. For example, one community may emphasize spending on injury prevention while another may find it needs to invest most heavily in infectious dis ease control. This allows localities to seek the greatest return on investment in the public health space according to its needs. After the community’s specific CHIP-based plan has been implemented, quantifiable performance measures will disclose health improvement data to administrators, business and nonprofit partners, and community stakeholders. This data will emphasize â€Å"best practice† models for future decision-making (Turnock 2012, pp 242-3). In order to share economic impact data, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists models of economic analysis to quantify the budgetary impact of public health interventions. The â€Å"economic evaluation† model allows for the comparison of more than one identified intervention derived from the CHIP analysis. This tool provides cost effectiveness and cost benefit information which will be critical for assessing budgetary feasibility and future public health program implementation. In the quest for trans parency, accuracy and concision, it would be worth investigating the cost of health economist consultation in preparing this analysis (CDC.gov). Conclusion Despite the extensive discussion of the futility of improving public health funding, significant opportunities do exist to improve the efficiency of spending to achieve better health outcomes for the same dollar figure. We have proposed a system that aligns efforts to critically assess public health program management with funding allocation. We believe this model would improve community buy-in, enhance transparency, and most importantly, advance population health indicators. References Brownson, R., Baker, E., Leet, T., Gillespie, K., True, W. (2010). The need for evidence based public health. InEvidence-based pubic health(2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Institute of Medicine. (2012). Funding sources and Structures to Build Public Health. InFor the publics health investing in a healthier future(pp. 101-126). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Investing in Americas Health. (2012, March 1). Retrieved from http://healthyamericans.org/report/94/. Lee, M. (2014, November 21). Has the medical device tax shipped jobs overseas and stunted innovation? Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2014/11/21/has-the-medical-device-tax-shipped-jobs-overseas-and-stunted-innovation/. Medical Device Excise Tax: Frequently Asked Questions. (2014, February 3). Retrieved from http://www.irs.gov/uac/Medical-Device-Excise-Tax:-Frequently-Asked-Questions. Minnesota Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/opi/pm/lphap/chip/. National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO). (2014). Accreditation Prerequisite: Community Health Improvement Plan. Retrieved from http://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/accreditation/chip.cfmhttp://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/accreditation/chip.cfm. Ogden L., Sellers K., Sammartino C., Buehler J. Bernet P. (2007). Funding Formulas for Public Health Allocation: Federal and State Strategies. Journal of Public Health Management Practice. 13(2): 309-316. Ogden, L. (2012). How Federalism Shapes Public Health Financing, Policy, and Program Options.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,18(4), 317-322. Parker, C. (2014, January 1). 2015 budget proposal leaves gaps in public health funding: Programs face cuts. Retrieved from http://thenationshealth.aphapublications.org/content/44/4/1.2.full. Schouten, F. (2014, November 14). Device industry poised for gains in new Congress. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/11/14/lobbying-medical-device-tax-repeal-mitch-mcconnell/18988427/. Teutsch, S., Baciu, A., Mays, G., Getzen, T., Hansen, M., Geller, A. (2012). Wiser Investment for a Healthier Future.Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,18(4), 295-298. Turnock, B. (2012).Public health: What it is and how it works(5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett. US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (n.d). FAQs: What kinds of grants are available from the federal government? Retrieved fromhttp://www.hhs.gov/answers/contracts-grants/grants/kind-grants-available.html.h.

Inventory and Costs

IIM Lucknow, Noida Campus MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING –II Assignment – II, Daniel Dobbins Distillery, Inc (Case Analysis) Submitted By: Rahul Srivastava (WMP08034) Vinay Joshi (WMP08045) ANALYSIS Company History * Founded in 1880 in Oakwoods by Daniel Dobbins. * Major product is Old Trailridge Bourbon Whisky * High quality of whisky due to the unusual iron-free spring water used in the distillation process and the specially prepared fire-charred white oak barrels used in the aging process. * David Dobbins takes over in 1973. * Constant demand over the years High demand surge forecasted due to maturity of Baby boom generation. Manufacturing Process * Ingredients controlled by laws. * Barrels can be used only once * Barrels are made through a patented process * Whisky has to mature for at least 4 years after the process. * Stored in 50 gallon barrels for mellowing in warehouse Maturing or Aging Process * The 50-gallon barrels manufactured under a unique patented process at acos t of more than $60 per barrel. The barrels could not be reused foraging future batches of bourbon whiskey but could be sold to used barrel dealers for $1 each at the end of the aging period. The increased production in 1988 necessitated the leasing of an additional warehouse at an annual rental cost of $200,000. The temperature and humidity of the warehouse space had to be controlled since the quality of the whiskey could be ruined by its aging too fast or too slowly. * A small amount of liquid was removed from representative barrels at this time and sent to the sampling laboratory for quality inspection (usually performed by skilled tasters). If the quality of the whiskey was not up to standard, certain measures were taken, such as adjusting the aging process, to bring it up to standard. At this time, each barrel was also checked for leaks or seepage, and the required repairs were made. * On the average, the volume of liquid in a barrel declined by 30% during the aging period becau se of evaporation and leakage. Thus, a barrel originally filled with 50 gallons of new bourbon would, on the whole, produce only 35 gallons of aged bourbon. * The re-gauging operation was supervised by a government liquor tax agent, since it was at this point that federal excise tax of $21 per gallon was levied on the whiskey removed from the warehouse. In 1987 and 1988, the company sold 30,000 re-gauged barrels of whiskey, equivalent to about 43,000 barrels of original production. Excerpts from Board Meeting * Low prospect of obtaining the $3 million loan needed in light of our 1988loss of $814,000. We have shown annual profits since 1974, and our net sales of $42 million this year are the same as last year, and yet we incurred a net loss for the year. * It may appear that we are becoming less efficient in our production operation. * We increased production by 50% this year, and with this increased production our costs are bound to increase.You can't produce something for nothing. * Production costs must rise when production increases, but our inventory account takes care of the increased costs of deferring these product costs until a future period when the product is actually sold. * COGS did not increase in 1988, since the volume of sales was the same in 1988 as in 1987. The largest share of the increase in production costs has-been deferred until future periods, as you can see by looking at the increase in our inventory account of more than $1 million. The real reason for our loss this year was the large increase in other costs, composed chiefly of warehousing costs. The â€Å"Occupancy Costs† category in our P is really the summation of a group of expense accounts, including building depreciation or rent, heat, light, power, building maintenance, labor and supplies, real estate taxes, and insurance. In addition, warehouse labor cost also rose substantially in 1988. * We increased production, and this also means an increase in warehousing costs, sin ce the increased production has to be aged for several years.You just can't age 50% more whiskey for the same amount of money. * The inventory account can only be charged with those costs associated with the direct production of whiskey, and our warehousing costs are handling or carrying costs, certainly not production costs. * The manufacturing process doesn't stop with the newly produced bourbon; why it isn't even marketable in that form. Aging is an absolutely essential part of the manufacturing process, and I think the cost of barrels and part of the warehouse labor should be treated as direct costs of the product. Warehousing and aging costs are an absolutely essential ingredient of our final product. * Direct costs are those costs that are necessary to convert raw materials into the whiskey that goes into the aging barrels. * This is our cost of approximately $1 per gallon and includes the cost of raw materials going into the product such as grain, yeast, and malt; the direct labor necessary to convert these materials into whiskey; and the cost of any other overhead items that are needed to permit the workers to convert grain into whiskey. The Problem The main issue at Daniel Dobbins Distillery, Inc. s a disagreement among the senior management with regards to the allocation of costs. Specifically, it is a question of whether to include Ageing Costs, Cost of Barrels, and Warehouse Expense as a part of inventory (in which case it will be an asset that belongs to the Balance Sheet) or as a part of Occupancy Costs (which will be listed in the Income Statement). Listing the above mentioned costs as part of the balance sheet will overstate the assets and understate the expenses misleading the actual profitability of the company. Alternatives 1. Leave all accounts as they are. . Transfer Cost of Barrel from Other Costs in the Income Statement to the Balance Sheet as a Contra-Asset that is part of Inventory. Transfer Ageing Costs from the Income Statement to th e Balance Sheet and list it under Long Term Contra-Assets. Break up Warehouse Labor into different temporary accounts that are spread out both on the Income Statement as well as the Balance Sheet. Evaluation of Alternatives Alternative 1: Strengths: This alternative improves the Net Profit figure in the Income Statement by increasing the value of Closing Inventory in the Balance Sheet.Weaknesses: Breaking up Warehouse Labor and accurately allocating the costs across the two financial statements may not be feasible. Opportunities: Choosing this alternative immediately improves its chances of securing the $3,000,000 loan from the bank. Threats: Carrying out this alternative poses the risk of the company getting unfavorable press which may have a negative impact on its reputation. Another threat is that this alternative could be misused by senior management as a way of hiding inefficiencies, bad expenses, overstating retained earnings, and understating expenses.Alternative 2: Logically Inventory costs include all the direct costs involved in the production process till the finished goods (ready for sale). As in this process ageing is an essential part of the manufacturing process, the cost of barrels and warehousing should be treated as direct costs otherwise it will affect the Income Statements for the subsequent years thereby misleading the actual profitability of the company. Other costs involved are: Occupancy Costs: Factory Building (Used for warehousing also) which is rented.Warehouse Labor & supervisor cost. Depreciation: Warehouse Equipment. All these costs will remain in COGS and Costs of Barrel used during the year at$63,00 per barrel will be added to (asset) Inventory and hence closing inventory(Effect in balance Sheet: Closing Inventory value increase) will shoot up and hence Net Profit Figure(in P&L statement) will also improve upon by the same amount. At the end of four years of aging process, barrels are removed and dumped into re-gauging tanks.Hen ce, all these costs will be added to (asset) Inventory and hence closing inventory (Effect in balance Sheet: Closing Inventory value increases) will shoot up and hence Net Profit Figure (in P&L statement) will also improve upon by the same amount. Another issue faced is possible difficulty in obtaining a $3 million loan due to reported loss of $814,000 for the year ended 1988. There is a need of urgency to solve the above matters and loan approval due to urgent need of working capital. The reason for such urgency and loss reporting are as follows: a.Increase in production capability: Daniel Dobbins increased its production capacity by 50% in 1988 to meet the expected increase in demand through 1991 to 1995. The production of whiskey takes 4 yrs before its ready for consumption and hence, the planning has to be done 4 yrs ahead to meet the required demand. b. Additional rent on new Warehouse: The increased production capacity in 1988 necessitated Daniel Dobbins to lease out a new sto rage warehouse at an annual rent of $200,000 which led to a sudden increase in expenses. c. Additional expenses related to warehouse Labor and supervisor.The higher the profit the stronger of company`s chance to get approved for the loan/credit by the Bank hence company should adopt the Accounting procedures stated above i. e. charging all direct costs as well as warehousing and ageing costs to Inventory and hence improving upon the Net Profit figures to increase company chances for loan approval. Few important points to be considered are: * Evaporation: A barrel is originally filled with 50 gallons of new bourbon but after aging only 35 gallons of aged bourbon is left. Cost of raw materials is incurred in producing 15 gallons of bourbon which gets lost due to evaporation.So accounting of this cost should also be considered. * Adjustment of aging process: If aged bourbon is not up to the standard, then each barrel needs to be checked for leaks or proliferated barrels and requires re pairs. Some more details: Because of the market forecast that the demand of straight whiskey will be doubled from 1987 to 1995, the board of Daniel Dobbins Whiskey Inc decided to increase the production of whiskey in 1988 by 50% of the 1987 volume to meet the anticipated increase in consumer demand from 1991 through 1995.The manufacturing process of whiskey can be divided into two stages: Under the first stage which consists of several different steps, raw materials are converted into a clear liquid with a sharp, biting taste. The second stage which is also called ‘Maturing or Aging Process’ involves maturing or aging for a minimum of four years under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Because of the increase in cost of production in 1988, which will generate revenues only in 1991, the income statement of Daniel Dobbins Inc showed a net loss of $814000 which was a significant change from net profit of $1504000 in 1987.In order to get loan of $3 million from Ridgeview National Bank of Nashville, the point of consideration for COO of Daniel Dobbins Distillery is how to present the financial results of 1988 to the bank. This loan is critical for company to remain solvent. One of the key issues in this case is how to divide the increased costs in 1988 between ‘Inventoriable costs’ and ‘Period costs’. According to the case, while preparing the income statement in 1988, the costs of first stage was included under inventoriable costs and costs of second stage was included under Period costs which resulted in net loss in 1988.Increase in cost of production in second stage can be attributed to following increase in costs under second stage of manufacturing. a) Increased costs due to increase in the number of barrels used for aging. $1260,000 b) Increase in occupancy cost: $332,000 c) Increase in warehousing cost: $146,000 d) Increase in Labor and supplies expense: $30,000 e) Increase in Depreciation expense: $8000 f) Increase in cost of government supervision: $8000Each of the above increase in costs of production in 1988 can be transferred from period costs to inventoriable costs and net profits can be increased for year 1988 e. g. if we just transfer increase in costs due to increase in number of barrels ($1260,000) to balance sheet from income statement, the net profit of year 1988 will become ( $1260,000 – $814,000 = $446,000) but as a result the net profit of subsequent years will go down as the cost of goods sold will be increased in coming years.So the decision to transfer different costs to inventoriable costs which gets included as assets in balance sheet instead of expenses in income statement can be left to management depending upon how much profit it want to report in current as well as subsequent years. Since aging is an absolutely essential part of the manufacturing process and the manufacturing process doesn’t stop after the first stage, Costs of barrels and warehous e labor costs should be included under inventoriable costs. This will increase the profits of the company in 1988 and will also help them in getting the loan

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